Hukuncin jiki a gida

Hukuncin jiki a gida
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	child abuse (en) da Kafar Azaba

Hukuncin jiki ko na jiki ta iyaye ko wani mai Ruwa da doka duk wani aiki ne da ke haifar da ciwo na jiki ko rashin jin daɗi ga ƙaramin yaro don amsa wasu halayen da ba a so. Yawanci yana ɗaukar nau'in bugawa ko bugawa yaro da hannu mai buɗewa ko bugawa tare da kayan aiki kamar takalma, cokali na katako, gashin gashi, paddle, madauri / bel, sauyawa, ko sandar. A kan ma'anar da ta fi sauƙi, yana iya haɗawa da girgiza, matsawa, tilasta cinye abubuwa, ko tilasta yara su zauna a cikin matsayi mara kyau.

Amincewa da jama'a game da azabtar da jiki yana da yawa a ƙasashe inda ya kasance doka, musamman a tsakanin ƙungiyoyin gargajiya. A cikin al'adu da yawa, an dauki iyaye a tarihi a matsayin masu haƙƙin, idan ba aikin ba, don azabtar da yara marasa mutunci don koyar da halayyar da ta dace ko dakatar da halayya mara kyau nan da nan ko a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Bincike da yawa, a gefe guda, sun gano cewa azabtar da jiki na iya samun akasin haka a cikin dogon lokaci, yana ƙara damar halayyar tashin hankali a cikin yara da rashin biyayya na dogon lokaci.^[1] Sauran mummunan sakamako, kamar baƙin ciki, damuwa, haɗarin kashe kansa, da haɗarin cin zarafin jiki, suma an haɗa su da amfani da azabtarwa ta jiki, gami da azabtarwar jiki mai sauƙi da nau'ikan azabtarwa na jiki kamar bugawa a ƙafar hannu ko ƙafar hannu ba tare da wani abu ba ta iyaye.^[2][3][4] Shaida ta nuna cewa bugun jini da sauran azabtarwa na jiki, yayin da ake amfani da su don manufar horo na yara, ana amfani da su ba tare da daidaituwa ba, galibi ana amfani da shi lokacin da iyaye ke fushi (yawanci saboda takaici / rashin gamsuwa da halayyar mutum) ko kuma a ƙarƙashin damuwa. Hanyoyi masu tsanani na azabtarwa na jiki, gami da kiɗa, cinyewa, ƙonewa da ƙonewa, na iya zama cin zarafin yara.

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa da yarjejeniya kamar su Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Yara, Majalisar Turai da Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Amurka sun ba da shawarar kawo karshen dukkan nau'ikan azabtarwa ta jiki, suna jayayya cewa ya keta mutuncin yara da haƙƙin amincin jiki. Yawancin dokoki da ke akwai game da baturi, hari, da / ko cin zarafin yara suna yin banbanci ga azabtarwa ta jiki "mai ma'ana" ta iyaye, kariya da ta samo asali a cikin doka ta kowa da kuma musamman Dokar Ingilishi. A ƙarshen karni na 20 da kuma cikin karni na 21, wasu ƙasashe sun fara cire kariya ta shari'a don amfani da masu kula da manya na azabtarwa ta jiki, sannan kuma ta hanyar haramtacciyar doka. Yawancin waɗannan haramtacciyar doka ce ta farar hula sabili da haka ba sa sanya hukuncin aikata laifuka sai dai idan an ba da izini ga tuhumar kai hari da / ko batir; duk da haka, ayyukan kare yara na cikin gida na iya kuma sau da yawa za su shiga tsakani.

Tun lokacin da Sweden ta haramta duk wani azabtarwa na jiki ga yara a 1979, yawancin kasashe sun kafa irin wannan haramtacciyar haramtacciya, musamman bayan amincewar kasa da kasa na Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara. Ya zuwa 2021, wannan ya ƙunshi 22 daga cikin kasashe 27 na Tarayyar Turai da kuma 26 daga cikin kasashen 38 na OECD. Koyaya, azabtar da yara a cikin gida ya kasance doka a mafi yawan duniya.

1. ↑ Gershoff, Elizabeth T. (Spring 2010). "More Harm Than Good: A Summary of Scientific Research on the Intended and Unintended Effects of Corporal Punishment on Children". Law & Contemporary Problems. Duke University School of Law. 73 (2): 31–56.
2. ↑ Gershoff, Elizabeth T.; Grogan-Kaylor, Andrew (2016). "Spanking and Child Outcomes: Old Controversies and New Meta-Analyses" (PDF). Journal of Family Psychology. 30 (4): 453–469. doi:10.1037/fam0000191. PMC 7992110. PMID 27055181.
3. ↑ Afifi, T. O.; Mota, N. P.; Dasiewicz, P.; MacMillan, H. L.; Sareen, J. (2 July 2012). "Physical Punishment and Mental Disorders: Results From a Nationally Representative US Sample". Pediatrics. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). 130 (2): 184–192. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2947. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 22753561. S2CID 21759236.
4. ↑ Gershoff, E. T. (2018). "The strength of the causal evidence against physical punishment of children and its implications for parents, psychologists, and policymakers" (PDF). American Psychologist. 73 (5): 626–638. doi:10.1037/amp0000327. PMC 8194004 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 29999352.